Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Using Subcritical and Supercritical Water Technology
Document Type : Full Length Article
Authors
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment and waste streams has received lots of attention in recent years due to its adverse effects on the health of different organism. The emerging of these compounds in the environment is a growing concern and recent researches have focused on finding new ways for enhancing the pharmaceutical compound’s removal efficiency in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants. Removing organic compounds using sub- and supercritical water technology has gained lots of attention in recent years. In this research paper the application of subcritical and supercritical water technology for destruction of pharmaceutical compounds (carbamazepine, metoprolol and sulfamethaxazole) inside batch reactor in temperature range of 250°C to 500°C with different residence times of 5 to 50 minutes was investigated. Using this treatment method more than 90% of above-mentioned compounds were destructed that is higher than the conventional methods. It was shown that carbamazepine, metoprolol and sulfamethaxazole are optimally destructed in 20 minutes at 350°C, 400°C and 300°C, respectively. Consequently the results of the study illustrated that this technology can be used as an alternative for efficient removal of pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater treatment plants.
Keywords
- Batch reactor
- Removal Efficiency
- Pharmaceutical compounds
- sub- and supercritical water
- Wastewater Treatment Plants
Main Subjects
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[2]. Steene, J. C. V. D., Stove, C. P., and Lambert, W. E. (2010). “A field study on 8 pharmaceuticals and 1 pesticide in Belgium: Removal rates in waste water treatment plants and occurrence in surface water”, Science of the Total Environment, (408), 3448-3454.
[3]. Behera, S. K., Kim, H. W., Oh, J.-E., and Park, H.-S. (2011). “Occurrence and removal of antibiotics, hormones and several other pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants of the largest industrial city of Korea”, Science of the Total Environment.
[4]. Lin, A. Y.-C., Yu T.-H., and Lateef, S. K. (2009). “Removal of pharmaceuticals in secondary wastewater treatment processes in Taiwan”, Journal of HazardousMaterials, (167), 1163-1169.
[5]. Jelic, A., Gros, M., Ginebreda, A., Cespedes-Sa´nchez, R., Ventura, F., and Petrovic, M. (2011). “Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticalsin sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment”, Water research, (45), 1165-1176.
[6]. Ziylan, A., and H. Ince, N. (2011). “The occurrence and fate of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in sewage and fresh water: Treatability by conventional and non-conventional processes”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, (187), 24-36.
[7]. Weing_rtner, H., and Franck, E. U. (2005). “Supercritical Water as aSolvent”, Angewandte chemite., (44), 2672-2692
[8]. Kruse, A., and Dinjus, E. (2007). “Hot compressed water as reaction medium and reactant: Properties and synthesis reactions”, J. of Supercritical Fluids, (39), 362-380.
[9] Carr, A. G., Mammucari, R., and Foster, N. R. (2011). “A review of subcritical water as a solvent and its utilisation for the processing of hydrophobic organic compounds”, Chemical Engineering Journal, (172), 1-17.
[10]. Hirth, Th., Schweppe, R., Jahnke, S., Bunte, G., Eisenreich, N., and Krause, H. (1996). “Degradation processes in sub- and supercritical water”, High pressure chemical engineering, 163-168.
[11]. Zhang, Y., Geißen, S.-U., and Gal, C. (2008). “Carbamazepine and diclofenac: Removal in wastewater treatment plants and occurrence in water bodies”, Chemosphere., (73), 1151-1161.
[12]. Heberer, T. (2002). “Occurrence, fate, and removalof pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data”, Toxicology Letters, (131), 5-17.
[13]. Sacher, F., Lange, F. T., Brauch, H.-J., and Blankenhorn, I. (2001). “Pharmaceuticals in groundwaters. Analytical methods and results of a monitoring program in Baden-Wu¨ ruttember, Germany”, J. Chromatogr., (938), 199-210.
15
نفلامرزیا
بازیافت آب، دورة 1، شمارة 1، زمستان 1131
[14]. Kim, Y., Choi, K., Jung, J., Park, S., Kim, P.-G., and Park, J. (2007). “Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea”, Environment International, (33), 370-375.
[15]. Kim, S. and Aga, D. S. (2007). “Potential Ecological and Human Health Impacts of Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Wastewater Treatment Plants”, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, PartB: Critical Reviews, (10), 559-573
[16]. Yu, T.-H., Lin, A. Y.-C., Panchangam, S. C., Hong, P.-K. A., Yang, P-Y., and Lin, C.-F. (2011). “Biodegradation and bio-sorption of antibiotics and non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs using immobilized cell process”, Chemosphere., (84), 1216-1222.
[17]. VandenBrandhof, E.-J., and Montforts, M. (2010). “Fish embryo toxicity of carbamazepine, diclofenac and metoprolol”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, (73), 1862-1866
[18]. Cleuvers,M. (2005). “Initial risk assessment for three [beta]-blockers found in the aquatic environment”, Chemosphere, (59).
[19]. Villegas-Navarro, A., Rosas-L, E., and Reyes, J. L. (2003). “The heart of Daphnia magna: effects of four cardioactive drugs”, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, (136).
[20]. Xu,B., Maob, D., Luo,Y. and Xu, L. (2011). "Sulfamethoxazole biodegradation and biotransformation in the water–sediment system of a natural river”, Bioresource Technology, (102), 7069-7076.
[2]. Steene, J. C. V. D., Stove, C. P., and Lambert, W. E. (2010). “A field study on 8 pharmaceuticals and 1 pesticide in Belgium: Removal rates in waste water treatment plants and occurrence in surface water”, Science of the Total Environment, (408), 3448-3454.
[3]. Behera, S. K., Kim, H. W., Oh, J.-E., and Park, H.-S. (2011). “Occurrence and removal of antibiotics, hormones and several other pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants of the largest industrial city of Korea”, Science of the Total Environment.
[4]. Lin, A. Y.-C., Yu T.-H., and Lateef, S. K. (2009). “Removal of pharmaceuticals in secondary wastewater treatment processes in Taiwan”, Journal of HazardousMaterials, (167), 1163-1169.
[5]. Jelic, A., Gros, M., Ginebreda, A., Cespedes-Sa´nchez, R., Ventura, F., and Petrovic, M. (2011). “Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticalsin sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment”, Water research, (45), 1165-1176.
[6]. Ziylan, A., and H. Ince, N. (2011). “The occurrence and fate of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in sewage and fresh water: Treatability by conventional and non-conventional processes”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, (187), 24-36.
[7]. Weing_rtner, H., and Franck, E. U. (2005). “Supercritical Water as aSolvent”, Angewandte chemite., (44), 2672-2692
[8]. Kruse, A., and Dinjus, E. (2007). “Hot compressed water as reaction medium and reactant: Properties and synthesis reactions”, J. of Supercritical Fluids, (39), 362-380.
[9] Carr, A. G., Mammucari, R., and Foster, N. R. (2011). “A review of subcritical water as a solvent and its utilisation for the processing of hydrophobic organic compounds”, Chemical Engineering Journal, (172), 1-17.
[10]. Hirth, Th., Schweppe, R., Jahnke, S., Bunte, G., Eisenreich, N., and Krause, H. (1996). “Degradation processes in sub- and supercritical water”, High pressure chemical engineering, 163-168.
[11]. Zhang, Y., Geißen, S.-U., and Gal, C. (2008). “Carbamazepine and diclofenac: Removal in wastewater treatment plants and occurrence in water bodies”, Chemosphere., (73), 1151-1161.
[12]. Heberer, T. (2002). “Occurrence, fate, and removalof pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data”, Toxicology Letters, (131), 5-17.
[13]. Sacher, F., Lange, F. T., Brauch, H.-J., and Blankenhorn, I. (2001). “Pharmaceuticals in groundwaters. Analytical methods and results of a monitoring program in Baden-Wu¨ ruttember, Germany”, J. Chromatogr., (938), 199-210.
15
نفلامرزیا
بازیافت آب، دورة 1، شمارة 1، زمستان 1131
[14]. Kim, Y., Choi, K., Jung, J., Park, S., Kim, P.-G., and Park, J. (2007). “Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea”, Environment International, (33), 370-375.
[15]. Kim, S. and Aga, D. S. (2007). “Potential Ecological and Human Health Impacts of Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Wastewater Treatment Plants”, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, PartB: Critical Reviews, (10), 559-573
[16]. Yu, T.-H., Lin, A. Y.-C., Panchangam, S. C., Hong, P.-K. A., Yang, P-Y., and Lin, C.-F. (2011). “Biodegradation and bio-sorption of antibiotics and non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs using immobilized cell process”, Chemosphere., (84), 1216-1222.
[17]. VandenBrandhof, E.-J., and Montforts, M. (2010). “Fish embryo toxicity of carbamazepine, diclofenac and metoprolol”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, (73), 1862-1866
[18]. Cleuvers,M. (2005). “Initial risk assessment for three [beta]-blockers found in the aquatic environment”, Chemosphere, (59).
[19]. Villegas-Navarro, A., Rosas-L, E., and Reyes, J. L. (2003). “The heart of Daphnia magna: effects of four cardioactive drugs”, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, (136).
[20]. Xu,B., Maob, D., Luo,Y. and Xu, L. (2011). "Sulfamethoxazole biodegradation and biotransformation in the water–sediment system of a natural river”, Bioresource Technology, (102), 7069-7076.
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